Is aidiachtaí aitreabúideacha iad na haidiachtaí atá feicthe againn go dtí seo san aonad seo: aidiachtaí a cháilíonn ainmfhocail go díreach. Mar a dúradh cheana, réitíonn an cineál seo aidiachta leis an ainmfhocal de réir tuisil, inscne agus uimhreach.
The adjectives we’ve seen so far in this unit are attributive adjectives: adjectives which directly qualify the noun. As was said previously, this kind of adjective agrees with the noun in case, gender and number.
Léigh mé leabhar suimiúil. (ainmfhocal firinscneach + aidiacht)
I read an interesting book. (masculine noun + adjective)
Léigh mé iris shuimiúil. (ainmfhocal baininscneach + aidiacht)
I read an interesting magazine. (feminine noun + adjective)
Léigh mé leabhair shuimiúla. (ainmfhocal iolra + aidiacht)
I read interesting books. (plural noun + adjective)
Aidiachtaí faisnéiseacha a thugtar ar aidiachtaí a cháilíonn ainmfhocail go hindíreach. Baintear úsáid as briathar chun an cineál seo aidiachta a nascadh le hainmfhocal nó le forainm, agus ní réitíonn siad leis an ainmfhocal de réir inscne ná uimhreach.
Adjectives that indirectly qualify nouns are called predictive adjectives. A verb is used to connect this kind of adjective with a noun or a pronoun, and they don’t agree with the noun in gender or number.
Tá an leabhar sin suimiúil.
That book is interesting.
Tá an iris sin suimiúil.
That magazine is interesting.
Tá na leabhair sin suimiúil.
Those books are interesting.
Má chuireann an t‑idirdhealú sin idir ainmfhocal atá á cháiliú go díreach agus ainmfhocal atá á cháiliú go hindíreach mearbhall ort, an rud is fusa ná smaoineamh faoin abairt i mBéarla:
If the distinction between qualifying a noun directly or indirectly confuses you, the easiest thing to do is to think of the sentence in English:
- Mura dtagann briathar idir an t‑ainmfhocal agus an aidiacht sa Bhéarla, aidiacht aitreabúideach atá ann, seachas aidiacht fhaisnéiseach, agus réiteoidh an aidiacht leis an ainmfhocal.
If there isn’t a verb between the noun and the adjective in English, it’s an attributive adjective, instead of a predictive adjective, and the adjective will agree with the noun.
- Má thagann briathar idir an t‑ainmfhocal agus an aidiacht sa Bhéarla, aidiacht fhaisnéiseach atá ann, seachas aidiacht aitreabúideach, agus ní réiteoidh an aidiacht leis an ainmfhocal.
If there’s a verb between the noun and the adjective in English, it’s a predictive adjective, instead of an attributive adjective, and the adjective won’t agree with the noun.
| Aidiachtaí aitreabúideacha Attributive adjectives | Aidiachtaí faisnéiseacha Predictive adjectives |
Léigh mé leabhar suimiúil.
I read an interesting book. | Tá an leabhar sin suimiúil.
That book is interesting. |
Léigh mé iris shuimiúil.
I read an interesting magazine. | Tá an iris sin suimiúil.
That magazine is interesting. |
Léigh mé leabhair shuimiúla.
I read interesting books. | Tá na leabhair sin suimiúil.
Those books are interesting. |
| Tabhair faoi deara nach bhfuil briathar idir na hainmfhocail agus na haidiachtaí sna habairtí Béarla thuas. Tá na haidiachtaí ag cáiliú na n‑ainmfhocal go díreach, mar sin sna leaganacha Gaeilge réitíonn na haidiachtaí leis na hainmfhocail de réir inscne agus uimhreach. Notice that there isn’t any verb between the nouns and the adjectives in the English sentences above. The adjectives qualify the nouns directly, therefore the adjectives agree with the nouns in gender and number in the Irish language versions. | Tabhair faoi deara go bhfuil briathar idir na hainmfhocail agus na haidiachtaí sna habairtí Béarla thuas. Tá na haidiachtaí ag cáiliú na n‑ainmfhocal go hindíreach, mar sin sna leaganacha Gaeilge ní réitíonn na haidiachtaí leis na hainmfhocail de réir inscne ná uimhreach. Notice that there’s a verb between the nouns and the adjectives in the English sentences above. The adjectives are indirectly qualifying the nouns, therefore the adjectives don’t agree in gender and number in the Irish language versions. |